ERROR TYPES
Errors in Measurement The uncertainty in a measurement is called an error. Random error, systematic error and gross error are the three possible errors. 1) Systematic errors Systematic errors are reproducible inaccuracies that are consistently in the same direction. These occur often due to a problem that persists throughout the experiment. Systematic errors can be classified as follows a. Instrumental errors When an instrument is not calibrated properly at the time of manufacture, instrumental errors may arise. If a measurement is made with a meter scale whose end is worn out, the result obtained will have errors. These errors can be corrected by choosing the instrument carefully. b. Imperfections in experimental technique or procedure These errors arise due to the limitations in the experimental arrangement. As an example, while performing experiments with a calorimeter, if there is no proper insulation, there will be radiation losses. This results i...