EU F-Gas Regulations: An In-Depth Technical Perspective
1. Introduction The European Union’s F-Gas Regulation (EU No 517/2014) is one of the most comprehensive legislative frameworks aimed at limiting the climate impact of fluorinated greenhouse gases (F-gases). This regulation targets the phasedown of HFCs (Hydrofluorocarbons)—which have high Global Warming Potential (GWP) values—while accelerating the transition to low-GWP alternatives. 2. Characteristics and Environmental Impact of F-Gases HFCs: The most widely used group of F-gases, typically applied in refrigeration, air conditioning, and heat pump systems. GWP Comparison: R134a → GWP ≈ 1430 R407C → GWP ≈ 1774 R1234yf → GWP ≈ 4 (A2L, mildly flammable) R744 (CO₂) → GWP = 1 (natural refrigerant) High-GWP gases released into the atmosphere cause a greenhouse effect thousands of times stronger than CO₂. Therefore, the EU’s strategy focuses not only on emission reduction, but also on leak prevention and the promotion of alternative technologies. 3. Core Technical Elements of the Regulation ...